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Controlled Substances Classification Table

Hospital Monitoring & Compliance Guide

Inventory Accuracy = (Physical Count / Expected Balance) × 100% ≥ 99.8%
CategoryDrug ExamplesScheduleStorage RequirementsInventory ChecklistDocumentation RequirementsDisposal Protocol
Opioid AnalgesicsMorphine, Fentanyl, Oxycodone, Hydromorphone, CodeineIIDouble-locked cabinet; separate safe; temperature controlled; biometric access preferredDaily physical count; reconcile with administration records; verify expiration dates; witness signaturePatient name, dose, time, prescribing physician, witness signature, lot number, patient ID verificationReverse distributor; dual witness; DEA Form 222 for returns; documented chain of custody
StimulantsAmphetamine (Adderall), Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Dextroamphetamine, LisdexamfetamineIILocked vault; limited access; alarm system; separate dispensing area; inventory logPer-shift count; weekly physical inventory; reconcile with dispensing logs; track lot numbersPrescriber DEA number, patient ID, quantity dispensed, pharmacist verification, indication for useDEA-authorized destruction; dual witness documentation; certificate of destruction required
Sedative-HypnoticsPentobarbital, Secobarbital, Phenobarbital (high doses), AmobarbitalIISecure vault; access log; biometric locks; cool, dry storage; limited personnel accessDaily physical count; reconcile with MAR; verify seals; check temperature logsAdministration time, patient response, waste documentation (partial doses), two-nurse verificationWitnessed destruction; DEA Form 222; maintain destruction logs for 2+ years; video recording
BenzodiazepinesDiazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, TemazepamIVLocked cabinet; separate from Schedule II; temperature monitoring; restricted accessWeekly inventory; monthly audit; random counts; reconcile with prescription recordsPrescription tracking, patient monitoring chart, sedation scoring, prescriber credentialsStandard pharmaceutical waste; documentation of quantity destroyed; dual witness
KetamineKetamine HCl (all forms), Esketamine (Spravato)IIILocked storage; restricted access; cool storage (2-8°C); separate anesthesia trackingBi-weekly inventory; usage tracking by department; reconciliation with surgical recordsAnesthesia record, dose calculation, patient weight documentation, procedure type, recovery monitoringHazardous waste protocols; witnessed disposal; DEA notification for large quantities
Anabolic SteroidsTestosterone cypionate, Nandrolone, Oxandrolone, Stanozolol, BoldenoneIIILocked pharmacy storage; temperature monitored (15-30°C); separate from other controlsMonthly physical count; lot number tracking; expiration monitoring; usage trend analysisPatient diagnosis justification, injection logs, prescribing physician credentials, informed consentReturn to manufacturer when possible; DEA Form 222 for returns; documentation of return reason
BuprenorphineSuboxone (bup/naloxone), Subutex, Sublocade, BunavailIIISecure storage; separate dispensing area; DEA waiver verification required; patient registryDaily dispensing logs; weekly inventory reconciliation; patient-specific tracking; film/tablet countPatient counseling documentation, DEA X-waiver verification, induction protocols, treatment planPatient return program preferred; DEA-authorized disposal; documented witnessed destruction
Cough PreparationsCodeine cough syrup (≥90mg/dose), Hydrocodone cough syrup, Hydrocodone/acetaminophenII / IIILocked cabinet; age verification protocols; quantity limits enforced; separate inventoryPer-shift counts; dispensing log reconciliation; verify prescription validity; track patient historyPatient ID verification, quantity limits, prescription validity check, pharmacist consultation noteStandard controlled substance disposal; documentation of destruction method; DEA Form 222 if applicable
Cannabis-DerivedDronabinol (Marinol), Cannabidiol (Epidiolex), Cesamet (nabilone)III / VSecure, separate storage; state-specific requirements; seed-to-sale tracking where applicableDaily inventory; state registry reconciliation; lot tracking; patient-specific dispensing recordsState registry verification, patient certification, dosing protocols, adverse event monitoring, prescriber registrationState-specific destruction protocols; dual witness required; chain of custody documentation; DEA notification
Emergency Opioid AntagonistsNaloxone HCl (high-concentration 4mg/0.1mL, 2mg/2mL auto-injectors)II / IIIEmergency crash carts; temperature controlled (15-30°C); sealed containers; readily accessibleDaily cart checks; seal verification; expiration monitoring; replacement protocol after use; lot trackingAdministration timestamp, response documentation (ROSC), replacement protocols, incident reporting, waste reconciliationStandard disposal for expired units; incident reporting if used; documentation of medical necessity; restocking verification
Compliance Index = (Accurate Records × Secure Storage × Proper Disposal) / (Total Inventory Items) × 100
Risk Assessment Score = (Schedule Level × Quantity × Accessibility) / (Security Measures + Monitoring Frequency)
Important Note: This table provides a standardized framework for hospital pharmacy compliance. Specific protocols may vary based on local regulations (state boards of pharmacy), institutional policies, DEA registration requirements, and Joint Commission standards. Always consult current DEA regulations (21 CFR 1301-1308) and your legal compliance officer for jurisdiction-specific requirements.
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